Antonyms

Antonyms are words with the opposite meaning to another word.

Abate - augment

Abbreviate - extend

Abide - resist

Above - below

Abrogate - establish

Abrupt - sloping

Absence - presence

Abstract - concrete

Abundance - dearth

Abundant - scarce

Accept - refuse

Accept - reject

Accidental - incidental

Accord - conflict

Accurate - inaccurate

Adept - inept / inapt

Admit - deny

Adopt - discard

Advance - recede

Advance - retreat, retire

Advantage - disadvantage

Affirm - debate

Aggravate - alleviate

Agile - torpid

Agree - disagree

Alien - native

Alive - dead

Ally - enemy

Always - never

Amateur - master

Ambiguous - clear

Amplify - diminish/summarize

Ancient - modern

Answer - question, query

Approached - receded, departed

Approval - disapproval

Arrival - departure

Artificial - natural

Ascend - descend

Asleep - awake

Assent - dissent

Attack - defense

Attention - inattention

Attractive - repulsive

Backward - forward, onward

Bad - good

Barren - fertile

Beautiful - ugly

Beginning - ending

Below - above

Bend - straighten

Better - worse

Big - small, little

Bitter - sweet

Blame - praise

Bless - curse

Blunt - sharp

Bold - timid, meek

Borrow - lend

Bravery - cowardice

Bright - dark, dim, dull

Broad - narrow

Build - destroy, demolish

Calm - troubled

Capable - incapable

Captivity - freedom, liberty

Careful - rush, careless

Cellar - attic

Cheap - dear, expensive

Clear - vague, cloudy

Clever - stupid

Clockwise - anti-clockwise

Close - distant

Cold - hot

Combine - separate

Comfort - discomfort

Common - rare

Conceal - reveal

Concentrate - scatter

Concord - discord

Confident - diffident

Contaminate - purify

Convex - concave

Correct - incorrect

Courage - cowardice

Courteous - discourteous, rude

Create - destroy

Critical - uncritical

Cruel - kind

Cunning - simple

Dainty - clumsy

Danger - safety

Dark - light

Dawn - dusk

Debit - credit

Decrease - increase

Deep - shallow

Defensive - offensive

Deficit - surplus

Definite - indefinite

Demand - supply

Despair - hope

Dilute - concentrate

Disappear - appear

Discourage - encourage

Disease - health

Dismal - cheerful

Doctor - patient

Dry - wet

Dull - clear, bright

Dusk - dawn

Early - late

East - West

Easy - difficult

Ebb - flow

Economise - waste

Efflux - influx

Elevation - depression

Employer - employee

Empty - full

Encourage - discourage

End - beginning

Entrance - exit

Excited - calm

Exclude - include

Exit - entrance

Expand - contract/limit

Expensive - inexpensive, cheap

Explicit - ambiguous

Export - import

Exterior - interior

External - internal

Fact - fiction

Fail - succeed

False - true

Famous - unknown

Fast - slow

Fat - thin

Feeble - sturdy, strong, powerful

Few - many

Fidelity - faithlessness

Find - lose

First - last

Float - sink

Fold - unfold

Foolish - wise

Foreign - native

Forelegs - hind legs

Forget - remember

Fortunate - unfortunate

Frank - secretive

Freedom - captivity

Frequent - rare

Fresh - stale

Friend - enemy

Friendly - hostile

Frigid - amorous

Full - empty

Gain - lose

Gather - distribute

General - particular

Generous - mean

Gentle - rough

Genuine - spurious

Giant - dwarf, pygmy

Glad - sorry

Gloomy - cheerful

Glut - stint

Gradual - abrupt

Granted - refused

Guardian - ward

Guest - host

Guilty - innocent

Hard - soft

Harmful - harmless

Harmony - disharmony

Hasten - dawdle

Hasty - deliberate

Hate - love

Haughty - lowly

Healthy - unhealthy, ill, diseased

Height - depth                                            

Hero - coward

Hill - valley

Hinder - aid, help

Honest - dishonest

Hope - despair

Horizontal - vertical

Humble - proud

Hunger - thirst

Hurt - heal

Ideal - actual

Imitation - genuine

Immense - tiny, minute

Imprison - free

Include - exclude

Inferior - superior

Inhabited - uninhabited

Inhale - exhale

Insert - eject

Inside - outside

Intelligent - unintelligent, stupid

Intentional - accidental

Interesting - uninteresting, dull

Interior - exterior, outside

Internal - external

Join - separate

Junior - senior

Justice - injustice

Knowledge - ignorance

Maximum - minimum

Mild - stern, severe

Narrow - broad

Optimistic - pessimistic

Powerful - weak

Singular - plural

Victory - defeat

Wax - wan

Synonyms

Synonyms are words that have a similar meaning as another words.

anticipate - see beforehand

abundant - plentiful

abuse - mis use

aggravate - intensify

contamination - pollution

hard - solid/firm

conservation - preservation

drawback - disadvantage

indigenous - native

diversity - variation; difference

layout - the make up of a page

nutrition - nourishment

objective - target; aim

regular - systematic/consistent

recruit - take someone into service on contract basis

renowned - notable; famous;

stimulus - something that excites

tranquil - peaceful; calm;

volatile - that easily changes into gas or vapour

amphibian - able to live both on land and in water

estimate - calculate

holistic - seeing as a whole

quake - shake

fault - defect

tender - soft

depletion - getting completely exhausted

affluent - abundant; tributary

sewage - waste matter, drainage

friction - rubbing, contact

control - check, manage

patent - evident

coolant - fluid used for cooling

abode - dwell, remain

unit - part

ultimate - final, extreme

variable - changeable

gauge - measure, probe

repercussion - a reciprocal action or effect

husk - dry outer covering of seeds; grains

renewable - transformable; modifiable

conventional - traditional

overcome - quell

swindle - scam

feedback - response, reply

unaware - oblivious

sophistication - complex

chronology - arranged according to dates

rural - relating to country side

obsolescence - out of date

proposition - a plane or scheme suggested

remote - far away in space or time

chip - a device composed of silicon

coagulum - thick; sticky substance

reliable - faithful; trustful

hazard - danger; peril

genetics - pertaining to plant and animal breeding

nucleus - central part of an atom

robot - mechanical man

submergence - being put under water

translucent - admitting light to pass through but not transparent

stringent - severe; strict; stern

roam - wander

semiconductor - that which conducts electricity partially

lubrication - oiling, greasing

migrant - one who moves from one place to another

sanctuary - an area for wild birds or animals

radiation - illumination; sending out rays

fission - splitting or division of an atom

disposal - elimination; withdrawal

exotic - unusual in style

ballast - substance used for making foundation

extraction - removal

cyanidation - treatment by a cyanide compound

management - administration

judgement - decision

announce - proclaim

attached - fasten

accurate - exact

expansion - extension

adequate - sufficient

efficient - capable

stationary - static

reduction - diminution

reasonable - sensible/agreeable

analysis - separation/examination

intentional - willful

extensive - large/comprehensive

blunt - dull

converge - meet

visible - apparent/perceivable

conceal - hide

entrance - threshold

automatic - self acting, self moving

agitation - disturbance

absorb - consume

audible - here able

prevalent - commonly occurring

occupation - vocation

authentic - genuine

association - combination

agreement - contract

prove - demonstrate

building - edifice

omit - elide, exclude, remove

definition - limitation

blot - spoil, erase

choice - option, alternative

notion - idea

discretion - option

variation - difference

abandon - discard, vacate

accord - agree, grant

adversity - difficulty, misfortune

affluent - plentiful, rich

aggravate - annoy, infuriate

alleviate - lighten, mitigate

amenable - agreeable, favorable

anguish - distress, sorrow

apathetic - dispirited, lifeless

arrogant - disdainful, imperious

astonish - confound, overwhelm

atrocious - appalling, detestable

augment - add, enlarge

avoid - ignore, shun

awkward - graceless, inept

baffle - confuse, deceive

banal - common, plain

barren - desolate, sterile

berate - criticize, disapprove

betray - deceive, fool

bias - inclination, predisposition

bitter - acrid, sour

blend - combine, mix

bliss - happiness, joy

bluff - boast, feign

bold - daring, fearless

bonus - award, gift

bother - annoy, irritate

brief - concise, short

brilliant - clever, intelligent

brisk - fast, swift

budget - allot, plan

candid - honest, truthful

caricature - cartoon, imitation

casual - informal, natural

category - classification, division

cease - desist, stop

chaotic - disordered, messy

cherish - esteem, love

circumvent - avoid, go around

commemorate - celebrate, honor

compensate - balance, recompense

competent - able, capable

conceive - design, plan

confirmation - acknowledgement, proof

contradict - deny, oppose

contribution - donation, grant

courteous - polite, well mannered

craving - desire, longing

credulous - confident, trustful

damp - moist, wet

dare - challenge, defy

decay - decline, rot

decent - honorable, pure

dense - filled, packed

designate - name, select

detain - hold, keep

disclose - announce, reveal

dogma - belief, view

durable - constant, lasting

dwindle - abate, diminish

eager - earnest, keen

eccentric - abnormal, idiosyncratic

elaborate - embellish, enhance

emanate - arise, radiate

embezzle - purloin, steal

eminent - distinguished, prominent

encourage - foster, induce

endure - last, persist

essential - cultured, learned, basic, necessary

estimate - guess, predict

evaluate - appraise, judge

exhaust - deplete, empty

exhilarated - cheerful, zestful

explicit - definite, specific

fastidious - exacting, particular

federation - alliance, band

feeble - helpless, infirm

fervor - intensity, passion

feud - argument, dispute

filth - dirt, squalor

flatter - compliment, praise

fleet - nimble, swift

frivolous - inconsequential, trivial

frugal - prudent, saving

generous - benevolent, unselfish

genuine - actual, real

glare - gleam, glisten

gloomy - cheerless, dim

goad - provoke, badger

grasp - grab, hold

greed - avarice, longing

guarantee - assure, pledge

guile - cunning, deceit

gullible - credulous, unsuspicious

habitual - accustomed, regular

handicap - disability, disadvantage

harass - annoy, disturb

harmless - innocuous, inoffensive

harsh - hard, coarse

hasty - abrupt, hurried

haughty - arrogant, pretentious

humiliate - humble, shame

hygiene - cleanliness, sanitation

hypocrisy - duplicity, falseness

ideal - goal, perfection

idle - lazy, unoccupied

ignorant - stupid, unintelligent

illogical - incongruent, rambling

illustrious - eminent, famous

imitate - copy, reflect

immense - huge, mammoth

impartial - candid, impersonal

impatient - anxious, eager

implicate - accuse, insinuate

importune - beg, solicit

inadvertent - accidental, unintentional

indifferent - apathetic, disinterested

isolate - detach, quarantine

jargon - argot, slang

jovial - genial, merry

judge - estimate, referee

justification - excuse, reason

juvenile - adolescent, immature

keen - clever, observant

label - brand, classify

labor - toil, work

lead - direct, proceed

lean - slim, thin

leave - abandon, desert

liberal - copious, unrestrained, lenient, open - minded

limitation - boundary, constraint

lucid - clear, understandable

lucky - auspicious, fortunate

mad - furious, irate

manage - administer, control

manipulate - control, shape

marginal - borderline, limited

match - agree, correspond

maze - complexity, labyrinth

meditate - ponder, think

memorial - commemoration, monument

mention - allude, refer to

merge - blend, fuse

narrow - confined, restricted

nature - aspect, character

necessary - mandatory, requisite

negate - contradict, refute

negligent - careless, remiss

negotiate - bargain, deal

nice - affable, benign

noble - aristocratic, distinguished

novice - beginner, nonprofessional

nuisance - annoyance, offense

obedient - faithful, loyal

objection - disapproval, protest

obligatory - compulsory, required

observe - notice, watch

obvious - conspicuous, definite

offend - anger, irritate

offer - bid, proposal

omen - premonition, sign

opportune - advantageous, auspicious

pacify - appease, placate

pain - ache, discomfort

paramount - chief, leading

partisan - biased, dogmatic

passive - inactive, lethargic

pause - break, cease

permeate - diffuse, disseminate

radiate - effuse, emanate

radical - basic, fundamental

range - anger, furor

rank - arrange, classify

realize - accomplish, fulfill

recalcitrant - obstinate, stubborn

receptacle - container, repository

reconcile - atone, conciliate

regret - deplore, grieve

reliable - dependable, trustworthy

sanction - approval, permit

scope - aim, extent

section - division, portion

settle - adjust, compromise

shallow - superficial, trivial

shrewd - careful, calculating

significant - distinctive, important

slight - delicate, slender

spontaneous - impromptu, unplanned

spread - announce, broadcast

stabilize - balance, steady

tame - domesticate, subdue

tangle - intertwine, twist

temper - mood, nature

tendency - inclination, trend

term - cycle, duration

thrift - conservation, prudence

tough - aggressive, unyielding

transfer - convey, exchange

tumult - agitation, commotion

turbulent - disordered, violent

vain - boastful, inflated

valid - authorized, legitimate, conclusive

variety - assortment, diversify

Vocabulary

Students have to improve their vocabulary of technical words. The students are advised to study the meaning of words given below, the following technical words given will help students to improve better understanding of all subjects, including chemistry, physics, Mathematics, and all other engineering subjects as well.

Combustion - the chemical reaction used in the presence of oxygen. 

Spontaneous - of itself, automatically, without the aid of an external agency.

Ignition - (from the word 'ignite') — setting fire to cause to burn.

Brittle - hard but easily broken.

Heat (n) - the quality or quantity of being warm hot.

Boil (vt) - to reach the temperature at which liquid changes into a gas.

Hard scale - deposit of hard chemicals inside a tube which cannot be broken easily.

Corrosion - chemical or electrochemical attack on the surface of a metal.

Erosion - the act of wearing or rubbing away e.g.; soil erosion by rain and wind.

Emery sheet - sheet used for cleaning the metal surface by rubbing.

Scratch - to rub and tear or mark (a surface) with something pointed or rough.

Scrap - make clean, or smooth.

Emission - sending out of heat, light, or electrons.

Electron - a very small particle of negative charge that forms part of an atom.

Application - putting to practical demonstration of a principle.

Feedback - the use of part of the output of a system to control its performance sending. back signals about the results of process into apparatus.

Oscillation - swinging backward and forward. 

Bias - cause to go one side rather than the other; weight that causes this.

Oscillator - instrument for producing oscillating (swinging) electric current.

Recorder - apparatus that records (disc on which sound is registered).

Momentum - vector product of mass and electricity.

Retardation - the process of slowing down.

Pressure - a force applied over an area.

Centripetal force - the force directed toward center in a curve like a circle.

Centrifugal force - force pulling from the center in a system that is being swing round.

Kinetic energy - the energy of a moving body.

Pouring - from the word 'pour' cause ( a liquid or a substance that flows like a liquid) to flow in a continuous stream.

Potential energy - energy stored due to position.

Vibration - single to and fro movement when equilibrium has been disturbed.

Isothermal lines - lines on the map through places that have the same temperature; lines on a graph showing the relation of changes of volume pressure of a gas.

Adiabatic - process in which there is no passing in or out of heat.

Diffusion - spreading out of a substance through liquid or of a gas in air or light through frosted glass or smoke.

Conduction - passing electricity along a substance (e.g., wire), passing heat along a substance.

Radiation - the sending out of energy, heat, light, radio, or x-rays in the form of waves.

Convection - the conveying of heat from one part of a liquid or gas to another by the movement of heated substances.

Refrigeration - cooling and freezing.

Moment - (of force) product of the force and the perpendicular distance of the point from its line of action.

Flux density - (of a magnet) the number of lines that pass through 1 sq.cm. at right angles. 

Hysteresis - delay in returning to the first state after a change.

Dynamo - small electric generator.

Susceptibility - a measure of how easily a substance can be magnetized .e.g. iron is more susceptible than steel.

Permeability - the rate at which something such as a liquid or a magnetic field passes through a membrane or other medium.

Mho - the conductance of a body (e.g., wire) whose resistance is one ohm.

Capacitance - measure of the power of a capacitor (= an electric condenser) to hold electricity.

Reactance - the combined effect of the reactance and the resistance is impedance.

Inductance - property of inducting an electromagnetic force due to changing flux.

Generator - a machine for producing electric current (e.g., as, in a power station).

Potential - energy of an electric charge, expressed in volts.

Potential difference - difference of electric pressure.

Concave - (lens) curved in-wards not out-wards like a ball e.g. a concave mirror.

Convex - (lens) thicker in the middle than at the edge.

Refraction - bending of a ray of light when passing from one substance to another e.g., from air to water.

Reflection - throwing back (light, heat, sound); (of a mirror) send back an image of.

Diffraction - the slight bending of waves (e.g., light electrons) when they pass by a sharp edge.

Polarization - the gathering of a chemical substance (e.g. hydrogen) around one of the plates of an electric cell so that the cell loses some of its power.

Transparent - letting light through e.g., clear glass.

Opaque - not allowing light to pass through; that cannot be seen through.

Photon - particle of light, a particle with zero rest mass consisting of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation.

Corpuscle - a very small piece of substance, or a cell e.g., blood corpuscles.

Nucleus - (of atom) the central part of an atom; it consists of protons and neutrons, around which the electrons move. (In the nucleus of a hydrogen atom there is only one proton (and no neutron.)

Atom - the smallest part of an element which still has the chemical character of the element.

Mass - lump, quantity of matter without regular shape.

Fission - splitting into two e.g. of a cell, of a star- of the nucleus of an atom.

Fusion - joining together to become one e.g. of nuclei of cells, of nuclei of atoms.

Atomic bomb - nucleus (central part of atoms of uranium 235 or of plutonium).

Hydrogen bomb - bomb that obtain part of its explosive power from the fusion (joining in bomb to one ) of the nuclei of light atoms (e.g. Heavy hydrogen).

Reactor - machine in which uranium or plutonium atoms are made to split up in a controlled way so as to produce heat or atomic radiations (or new fissile substances).

Fissile - able to split, used especially of atomic nuclei which, can be split fairly easily into two smaller nuclei and other particles.

Spectrograph - instrument used for photographing the spectrum.

Isotopes - atoms of different atomic weight, but chemically the same substance (same atomic number).

Isobar - line drawn on a map through different places which have the same barometer pressure at same time.

Radioactivity - spontaneous disintegration of certain atomic nuclei accompanied by the emission of alpha, beta, gamma radiations.

Beta- particles - particles of negative charge (electrons) sent out at nearly the speed of light from the nuclei of some radioactive substances.

Algebra - a branch of mathematics in which signs and letters are used instead of numbers.

Algorithm - a method of solving a problem involving a finite series of steps.

Angle - the space between two lines or surface that meet or cross each Other.

Diameter - a straight line going from side to side through the Centre of a circle.

Geometry - the study in mathematics of the angles and shapes formed by the relationship of lines, surfaces, and solids in space.

Geophysics - the study of the movements and activities of parts of the earth, including the sea bed.

Hyperbola - a curve that never reaches the sides that it curves towards.

Perpendicular - exactly upright; not earning to one side or the other; an angle of 90 degrees to a line or surface.

Prism - a solid figure with a flat base and parallel upright edges.

Pyramid - A solid object where the base is a polygon (a straight-sided shape), and the sides are triangles that meet at the top (the apex).

Radius - the distance from the Centre of a circle or sphere.

Artificial intelligence - The ability of computers or other machines to perform those activities that are normally thought to require human intelligence.

Assembler - a program designed to convert symbolic instruction into a form suitable for execution on a computer. Also known as assembly programme; assembly routine. 

Chip - an integrated micro circuit performing a significant number of functions and constituting a subsystem (a device made of silicon).

Hardware - the physical, tangible, and permanent components of a computer or a data - processing system.

Input - the information that is delivered to a data - processing device.

Memory - any apparatus in which data may be stored and from which the same data may be retrieved.

Output - the data actively transmitted from within the computer to an external device, or onto a permanent recording medium (paper, microfilm).

Program - a detailed and explicit set of directions for accomplishing some purpose, the set being expressed in some language suitable for input to a computer.

Microprocessor - a computer central processing unit that is manufactured on a single integrated circuit chip (or several chips) by utilizing large-scale integration technology.

Semiconductor - a solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator.

Zero conductivity - the property of zero electrical resistance.

Ultrasonic - (sound) having a pitch about the upper limit of human hearing.